The dimensions and other calculated parameters(using MATLAB) are not sufficient to directly fabricate an antenna unless they are further simulated and tested. This is done to increase the efficiency of the design process as it reduces the number of costly manufacture-and-test cycles. The deviation of the actual results from the calculated values is due to many reasons
- Low accuracy of the model used to calculate the parameters.
- Assumptions taken for modeling the antenna on a certain model may not be valid under practical conditions.
- Neglecting certain parameters in he theoretical calculations for expediency may affect the characteristics.
- And finally to account for certain unforeseen conditions that might occur practically for which the theoretical model may not be sufficient, but rigorous simulators take this into account.
For planar antennas
1. IE3D is a full-wave, method-of-moments based electromagnetic simulator solving the current distribution on 3D and multilayer structures of general shape. It has been widely used in the design of MMICs, RFICs, LTCC circuits, microwave/millimeter-wave circuits, IC interconnects and packages, HTS circuits, patch antennas, wire antennas, and other RF/wireless antennas.
You can also request a 45 days evaluation version on the Zealand site.
2. Momentum is a 3-D planar electromagnetic (EM) simulator used for passive circuit analysis. It accepts arbitrary design geometries (including multi-layer structures) and accurately simulates complex EM effects including coupling and parasitics. Momentum works together with Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS) to compute S-, Y-, and Z-parameters of general planar circuits. Microstrip, stripline, slotline, coplanar waveguide, and other circuit topologies can be analyzed quickly and accurately with Momentum. Vias that connect one layer to another can also be simulated; enabling design engineers to more fully and accurately simulate multilayer RF/MMIC's, printed circuit boards, hybrids, and Multi-Chip Modules (MCMs).
The simulator is based on the Method of Moments (MoM) technology that is particularly efficient for analyzing planar conductor and resistor geometries. It is designed to evaluate multi-layer planar geometries and generate EM accurate models that can then be used directly in ADS circuit simulators including Harmonic Balance, Convolution, and Circuit Envelope.
Circuit simulators must explicitly account for signal coupling and are also limited to designs that can be constructed only from available circuit models. The Momentum EM simulator overcomes the limitations of available models by implicitly accounting for signal coupling.
1. Ansoft HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is an integrated full-wave electromagnetic simulation and optimization package for analysis and design of 3-dimensional microstrip
antennas and high frequency printed circuits and digital circuits such as microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMICs) and high speed printed circuit boards (PCBs). HFSS™ utilizes a 3D full-wave Finite Element Method (FEM) to compute the electrical behavior of high-frequency and high-speed components. With HFSS, engineers can extract parasitic parameters (S, Y, Z), visualize 3D electromagnetic fields (near- and far-field), and generate Full-Wave SPICE™ models to effectively evaluate signal quality, including transmission path losses, reflection loss due to impedance mismatches, parasitic coupling, and radiation.
2. CS Microwave Studio is a tool for the 3D EM simulation of high frequency components. Applications include typical MW&RF like in mobile communication, wireless design, but also increasingly signal integrity, and EMC/EMI.
CST promotes Complete Technology for 3D EM. Users of the software are given flexibility in tackling a wide application range through a variety of available solver technologies. Beside the flagship module, the broadly applicable Time Domain solver and the Frequency Domain solver which simulates on hexahedral as well as on tetrahedral grids, CST MWS offers further solver modules for specific applications. Filters for the import of specific CAD files and the extraction of SPICE parameters enhance design possibilities and save time. In addition, CST MWS is embedded in various industry standard workflows through the CST DESIGN ENVIRONMENT™.
3. Empire is a powerful and fast 3D electromagnetic field software based on 3D FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD which includes specially modified algorithms and methods for efficient utilization of multiple floating points and caches to achieve ultra fast solution times and excellent accuracy. Empire is 15 to 20 times faster than any other 3Dsimulation software on the market. The recently launched new GUI (GANYMEDE) offers new tools for easy construction and modification of the objects analyzed. The polygon editor, priority modelling modes and built in script allow very fast set up of solutions and modifications on the go without the necessity of restarting problems from scratch analysis of devices such as Helix antennas for example are analysed and optimized in minutes. Empire claims to be effectively faster than other relevant simulation software available in the market.
2 comments:
Could you explain the advantage and disadvantage each software? What about with another software like FEKO or Microstripes? Do you have information about it?
3D EM modeling software has been intensified in the process of concurrent nanomicroscopy and IC testing, giving a better chance to research the physics of electronic events for a variety of components, but there is also a point, or plane, of diminishing returns looming. The observation of materials, energy flow, and force fields on nanoscale ranges has been used to analyze highly kinetic events by application of mainly estimated statistical methods, curve fitting approximations, and a bevy of continuous functions. Of course none of those are capable of solving a 3D EM problem on the single wavelength scale where; quantum effects, relativistic variation, interference patterns, diffusion, multipeaking, losses, and such minutia as thermic disturbance have their origin and exponentiation.
The central facts of EM nanomodeling are the force-energy ranges and scale relationship to physical quantum effects, while relativistic changes also occur with every change of particle velocity, at all speeds. These features of model analysis must lead to a conclusion that the only true answer lies in development of RQT (relative quantum topological) mathematical procedures with exact femtometric validity derived from combination of the axioms of the relativistic Einstein-Lorenz transform functions for time, mass, and energy with the workon quantized EM wave equations for frequency and wavelength.
That basis will provide a model with femtotechnical precision for electron state definition and lead to semiautomated atom-by-atom modeling with gradual, reductive computer assisted modeling that will succeed through rather arduous, but necessary, data processing stages.
The mathematical function model of an atom labeled psi(Z) is the unit of IC chip or electronic material design or analysis, and may be built by RQT methods based on a nucleus radiating forcons with valid joule values by {e=m(c^2)} transform of nucleoplastic surface mass to a spectrum of force fields. The wavefunction is written as the series expansion differential of possible nuclear radiation rates, with quantum symmetry numbers assigned along the progression to give topology to the solutions.
Psi pulsates by cycles of nuclear emission and absorption of force at the frequency {Nhu=e/h} within spacetime boundaries of {gravity-time} to make the GT integral atomic topological function.
Next, when psi's internal momentum function is rearranged to the photon gain rule and integrated for GT limits a series of 26 picoyoctometric waveparticle functions is found. Each is the
3D image of a type of energy intermedon particle of the 5/2 kT J internal heat capacity energy cloud, accounting for all of them. Those 26 energy values intersect the sizes of the fundamental physical constants: h, h-bar, delta, nuclear magneton, beta magneton, k (series). The result is the picoyoctometric, 3D, interactive video atomic model imaging function, responsive to keyboard input of virtual photon gain events by relativistic, quantized shifts of electron, energy, and force field states and distributions. This model generates 3D EM photon formation, emission, aggregation, lamination, and wave propagation video data point map images picoyoctometrically, with exact Stefan-Boltzmann thermal emission imagery.
Images of the h-bar magnetic energy waveparticle of ~175 picoyoctometers are available online at http://www.symmecon.com with the complete RQT atomic modeling manual titled The Crystalon Door. TCD conforms to the unopposed motion of disclosure in U.S. District (NM) Court of 04/02/2001 titled The Solution to the Equation of Schrodinger, TXu1-266-788.
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